 502[170] K 28 Kaufman, Frederik A.: Foundations of Environmental Philosophy New York, NY : McGraw-Hill, 2003. xiii, 434 p. ISBN 0-7674-1980-4 A környezeti filozófia alapjai
Dr. Adorjánné Farkas Magdolna ismertetése ContentsCHAPTER 1 Moral Philosophy and the Natural World 1 Moral Deliberation 1 Modern Times: Behold the Banana 2 From Bananas to Moral Philosophy 5 But Isn't Ethics Relative? 6 Moral Reasons and the Moral Point of View 7 Moral Philosophy and the Environment 8 Utilitarianism 9 Kantianism 11 Natural Law Ethics 15 Virtue Ethics 17 What to Make of the Moral Theories? 20 References 21 CHAPTER 2 Moral Reasoning 22 Rational Inquiry and The Concept of an Argument 22 Deductive and lnductive. Arguments 23 Moral Arguments 24 Recognizing Arguments 25 Exercises 25 Argument Recognition in Passages 26 Fallacies 30 Exercises 33 CHAPTER 3 The Human-Nature Relation 36 Modern Times: Endangered Species Act 36 Our Relation to the Natural World 38 The Readings 41 LYNN WHITE, JR.,"The Historical Roots of Our Ecologic C:risis" 41 WALTER H. O'BRIANT,"Man, Nature, and the History of Philosophy" 49 JOHN PASSMORE,"Attitudes to Nature" 54 J. BAIRD CALLICOTT, "Traditional American Indian and Western European Attitudes Toward Nature: An Overview" 61 HOLMES ROLSTON, "Duries to Endangered Species" 67 You Decide! 74 1. Campsite Litter 74 2. Urban Sprawl 74 3. Exotic Species-Zebra Mussels 75 4. Naturally 76 CHAPTER 4 An Environmental Ethic? 78 Modern Times: Vital Fluids-Gasoline 78 An Ethic for the Environment versus an Environmental Ethic 81 Intrinsic Value in Nature? 84 Implications of a Nonanthropocentric Ethic 86 The Readings 87 TOM REGAN, "The Nature and Possibility of an Environmental Ethic" 87 RICHARD SYLVAN, "Is There a Need for a New, an Environmental, Ethic?" 93 MARY MIDGLEY, "Duties Concerning Islands" 100 CHRISTOPHER D. STONE, "Should Trees FIave Standing?" 107 JOHN RODMAN, "The Liberation of Nature?" 119 JANNA THOMPSON, "A Refutation of Environmental Ethics" 130 You Decide! 136 1. America the Beautiful 136 2.Wood Wise 138 3. Gestures 139 CHAPTER 5 The Moral Status of Animals 141 Modern, Times: Fowl Deeds-Broilers 141 What Are Animals Like? 143 Animal Rights 146 Vegetarianism 148 The Readings 150 PETER SINGER, "All Animals Are Equal" 150 TOM REGAN, "The Case for Animal Rights" 156 MARY ANNE WARREN, "The Rights of the Nonhuman World" 164 CARL COHEN,"The Case for the Use ofAnimals in Biomedical Research" 173 JAMES RACHELS, from Created From Animals 180 You Decide! 190 1. Save the Whalers 190 2. Ivory and the Killing of Poachers 191 3. "Those Damn Deer" 192 CHAPTER 6 Biocentrism: The Extension of Interests 194 Modern Times: Brave New World of Biotechnology 194 The Scope of Morality 198 Sentience and Moral Standing 199 The Machine 0bjection 199 The Readings 201 PAUL TAYLOR, "The Ethics of Respect for Nature" 201 KENNETH GOODPASTER, "On Being Morally Considerable" 217 GARY VARNER, "Biocentric Individualism" 226 MARK BERNSTEIN,"Well-Being" 238 You Decide! 244 1. Monarch Butterflies and BT Corn 244 2. Life Force? 244 CHAPTER 7 Ecocentric Ethics 246 Modern Times: The Concept of an Ecosystem 246 The Moral Status of Ecosystems 251 Ethical Atomism versus Ethical Holism 252 The Challenge of Ecocentrism 254 A Further Question for Ecocentric Ethics 255 The Readings 257 ALDO LEOPOLD, "The Land Ethic" 257 J. BAIRD CALLICOTT, "The Conceptual Foundations of the Land Ethic" 267 LAWRENCE JOHNSON, from A Morally Deep World 280 HARLEY CAHEN, "Against the Moral Considerability of Ecosystems" 288 ELLIOTT SOBER, "Philosophical Prohlerns for Environmentalism" 296 You Decide! 310 1. Eco-Terrorism 310 2. Industrial Ecology 311 3. Goats versus Ecosystems 313 CHAPTER 8 A New Anthropocentrism? 315 Modem Times: Heat Wave; Global Warming and the Future of Humanity 315 Enlightened Anthropocentrism 320 Character and the Environment 322 The Readings 323 STEPHEN JAY GOULD, "The Golden Rule - AProper Scale for Our Environmental Crisis" 323 BRYAN G. NORTON, "Enviromnental Ethics and Weak Anthropocentrism" 326 THOMAS E. HILL, JR.,"Ideals of Human Excellence and Preserving the Natural Environment" 338 You Decide! 347 1. Urban Ecology 347 2. DDT 348 CHAPTER 9 Environmental Economics and Policy 350 Modem Times: Your Government at Work - EPA 350 Philosophical Aspects of Environmental Regulation 354 Some Problems with a Market-Based Approach to Environmental Regulation 356 Cost Benefit Analysis 358 The Readings 359 WILLLIAM BAXTER, "The Case for Optimal Pollution" 360 MARK SAGOFF, "At the Monument of General Meade, or On thc Difference Between Beliefs and Benefits" 364 You Decide! 375 1. Arsenic and Drinking Water 375 2. Snowmobiles in Yellowstone 375 CHAPTER 10 Broader Issues: Thoreau, Deep Ecology, and Ecofeminism 377 Modem Times: Ever More Pressing - Thoreau and Environmental Thought 377 The Death of Nature 380 Deep Ecology 382 Ecofeminism 386 Critical Reaction to Ecofeminism 388 The Readings 390 JEROME SEGAL, from Graceful Simplicity 390 ARNE NAESS, "The Deep Ecological Movement: Some Philosophical Aspects" 402 KAREN J. WARREN, "The Power and the Promise of Ecological Feminism" 416 You Decide! 431 1. Consumption and Collective Decisions 431 2. Speciesism and Sexism 433 Glossary G-1 Index I-1 |
